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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(6): 1511-1517, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421794

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Although acute and chronic pathologies of the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints are frequently encountered in the population, the anatomy and morphometry are not fully known. The aim of this study is to determine the measurements of morphometric parameters according to age groups and sex in a large series of Turkish population. Nine hundred and forty-one shoulders computed tomography (CT) images were screened and those of subjects with healthy anatomical structure were included. Humeral head diameter (HDD) was measured on CT images. Measurements were made using 3D-CT images of: width (GW) and height (GH) of the glenoid cavity; width (CW) and height (CH) of the distal clavicular joint surface; and width (AW) and height (AH) of the acromial joint surface. Data were compared, stratified by age and sex. Images of 223 patients (118 men, 105 women) were analyzed. The following mean measurements were determined: HDD, 41.77±3.77 mm; GH, 34.66±3.26 mm; GW, 25.50±2.90 mm; CW, 14.85±3.51 mm; CH, 8.49±2.27 mm; AW, 12.97±2.94 mm; AH, 7.01±1.77 mm. When startified by sex, HDD (p<0.001), GH (p<0.001), GW (p<0.001), CW (p<0.001), CH (p=0.002), AW (p<0.001) and AH (p<0.001) measurements were significantly different and mean values were greater in men. Similarly for age, significant differences were found for GH (p=0.028), CW (p<0.001), AW (p<0.001), AH (p<0.001). The parametric values we have obtained in the Turkish population we measure differ from the measurements made in different populations according to age groups and sex. Knowing these features will contribute to treatment planning, implant and prosthesis applications.


Aunque las patologías agudas y crónicas de las articulaciones glenohumeral y acromioclavicular son frecuentes en la población, la anatomía y morfometría no se conocen por completo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las medidas de los parámetros morfométricos según grupos de edad y sexo en una serie de individuos de población turca. Se examinaron 941 imágenes de tomografía computarizada (TC) de hombro y se incluyeron las de sujetos con una estructura anatómica sana. El diámetro de la cabeza humeral (HDD) se midió en imágenes de TC. Las mediciones se realizaron utilizando imágenes 3D-CT de: ancho (GW) y altura (GH) de la cavidad glenoidea; anchura (CW) y altura (CH) de la superficie articular clavicular; y anchura (AW) y altura (AH) de la superficie articular acromial. Los datos fueron comparados, estratificados por edad y sexo. Se analizaron imágenes de 223 pacientes (118 hombres, 105 mujeres). Se determinaron las siguientes medidas medias: HDD, 41,77±3,77 mm; GH, 34,66 ± 3,26 mm; GW, 25,50±2,90 mm; CW, 14,85±3,51 mm; CH, 8,49±2,27 mm; AW, 12,97±2,94 mm; AH, 7,01±1,77 mm. Cuando se inicia por sexo, HDD (p<0,001), GH (p<0,001), GW (p<0,001), CW (p<0,001), CH (p=0,002), AW (p<0,001) y AH (p <0,001) las mediciones fueron significativamente diferentes y los valores medios fueron mayores en los hombres. De igual forma para la edad se encontraron diferencias significativas para GH (p=0,028), CW (p<0,001), AW (p<0,001), AH (p<0,001). Los valores paramétricos que hemos obtenido en la población turca difieren de las medidas realizadas en diferentes poblaciones según grupos de edad y sexo. El conocimiento de estas características contribuirá a la planificación del tratamiento, aplicaciones de implantes y prótesis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Shoulder Joint/diagnostic imaging , Acromioclavicular Joint/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Joint/anatomy & histology , Turkey , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Acromion , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors , Age and Sex Distribution , Glenoid Cavity
2.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 56(6): 777-783, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357133

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To study the anatomy of the medial coracoclavicular ligament and assess the contribution of the acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular and medial coracoclavicular ligaments to the stability of the acromioclavicular joint. Methods Twenty-six shoulders from 16 fresh cadavers were dissected after placement in dorsal recumbency with a 15-cm cushion between the shoulder blades. An extended deltopectoral approach was performed proximally and medially, followed by plane dissection and ligament identification. The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular distances were measured using points previously marked with a millimeter caliper. Six of these specimens were submitted to a biomechanical study. The acromioclavicular ligament, the coracoclavicular ligament and the medial coracoclavicular ligament were sectioned sequentially, and a cephalic force of 20 N was applied to the lateral clavicle. The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular distances were measured in each of the ligament section stages. Results The right medial coracoclavicular ligament presented, on average, 48.9 mm in length and 18.3 mm in width. On the left side, its mean length was 48.65 mm, with a mean width of 17.3 mm. Acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular and medial coracoclavicular ligament section resulted in a statistically significant increase in the coracoclavicular distance and posterior scapular displacement. Conclusion The medial coracoclavicular ligament is a true ligamentous structure found in all dissected shoulders. Our results showed that the scapular protraction relaxed the medial coracoclavicular ligament, while scapular retraction tensioned it; in addition, our findings demonstrate that this ligament contributes to the vertical and horizontal stability of the acromioclavicular joint.


Resumo Objetivo Estudar a anatomia do ligamento coracoclavicular medial e avaliar a contribuição do ligamento acromioclavicular, coracoclaviculares e coracoclavicular medial na estabilidade da articulação acromioclavicular. Métodos Foram dissecados 26 ombros de 16 cadáveres frescos, posicionados em decúbito dorso-horizontal, com um coxim de 15 cm de altura entre as escápulas. Realizou-se uma via deltopeitoral estendida proximal e medialmente. Realizou-se dissecção por planos e identificação dos ligamentos. Realizou a medida da distância acromio-clavicular e coracoclavicular usando pontos previamente demarcados com paquímetro milimetrado. Em seis dessas amostras foi realizado estudo biomecânico. Seccionando, nesta ordem, o ligamento acromioclavicular, os coracoclaviculares e o ligamento coracoclavicular medial com uma força cefálica de 20N foi aplicada na clavícula lateral. Foi medida a distância acromio-clavicular e coracoclavicular em cada uma das etapas de secção dos ligamentos. Resultados A média de comprimento do ligamento coracoclavicular medial foi de 48,9mm e a média de largura, de 18,3mm no lado direito. No esquerdo, a média de comprimento foi de 48,65mm e a média da largura, 17,3mm. Após a secção dos ligamentos acromioclaviculares, coracoclaviculares, com a secção do ligamento coracoclavicular medial houve aumento estatisticamente significativo da distância córaco-clavicular e um deslocamento posterior da escápula. Conclusão O ligamento coracoclavicular medial é uma estrutura ligamentar verdadeira, presente em todos os ombros dissecados. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o ligamento coracoclavicular medial encontra-se relaxado com a escápula em protração e tenso com a escápula em retração e segundo nossos resultados participa tanto da estabilidade vertical quanto da estabilidade horizontal da articulação acromioclavicular.


Subject(s)
Scapula , Shoulder , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Clavicle , Joint Dislocations , Dissection
3.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 47(5): 563-567, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660904

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de 84 luxações acromioclaviculares agudas com a utilização da via de acesso posterossuperior do ombro. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 84 casos de luxações acromioclaviculares agudas grau III da classificação de Allman-Tossy operados de novembro de 2002 a maio de 2010. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34 anos. O diagnóstico foi realizado por avaliação clínica e radiográfica. Os pacientes foram operados pela mesma equipe cirúrgica em até três semanas da data do trauma realizando-se a via de acesso posterossuperior do ombro com acesso ao topo da base do processo coracoide para colocação de duas âncoras utilizadas na redução da luxação. O seguimento mínimo foi de 12 meses. A avaliação clínica-radiográfica pós-operatória foi realizada pelos critérios de Karlsson modificados e do escore da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles (UCLA). RESULTADOS: Dos 84 pacientes operados, 92,8% apresentavam resultados bons ou excelentes e 7,2% de resultados regulares ou fracos pelo escore de avaliação da UCLA. Pelos critérios de Karlsson modificados 76,2% foram avaliados como grau A, 17,9% como grau B e 5,9% como grau C. CONCLUSÃO: A VIA de acesso posterossuperior do ombro é uma nova opção para acesso ao processo coracoide e tratamento das luxações acromioclaviculares, com resultados clínicos e radiográficos equivalentes aos da literatura.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results from surgical treatment of 84 cases of acute acromioclavicular dislocation, using a posterosuperior access route. METHODS: Eighty-four cases of acute acromioclavicular dislocation (grade III in the Allman-Tossy classification) operated between November 2002 and May 2010 were evaluated. The patients' mean age was 34 years. The diagnoses were made using clinical and radiographic evaluations. The patients were operated by the same surgical team, within three weeks of the date of the trauma, using a posterosuperior approach to the shoulder to access the top of the base of the coracoid process for placement of two anchors, which were used in reducing the dislocation. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. The postoperative clinical-radiographic evaluation was done using the modified Karlsson criteria and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score. RESULTS: 92.8% of the 84 patients treated presented good or excellent results, and 7.2% presented fair or poor results, using the UCLA assessment score. According to the modified Karlsson criteria, 76.2% were assessed as grade A, 17.9% as grade B and 5.9% as grade C. CONCLUSION: The posterosuperior access route to the shoulder is a new option for accessing the coracoid process and treating acromioclavicular dislocation, with clinical and radiographic results equivalent to those in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Acromioclavicular Joint/surgery , Acromioclavicular Joint/injuries
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(4): 1089-1092, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582057

ABSTRACT

Movements at the human shoulder girdle are the result of complex interplay of glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Clavicle apart from articulating with the scapula and sternum is also connected with first rib by costoclavicular ligament and with coracoid process by coracoclavicular ligament. At times the area of attachment of these ligaments on clavicle, first rib and scapula show faceted apophysis suggesting the presence of additional diarthrodial articulations. Costoclavicular joint exists between clavicle and first rib and coracoclavicular joint between clavicle and coracoids process. Both these joints are described in the literature, but the concurrent occurrence of them in the same bone has not been reported yet. We found two clavicles, one of right and other of left side, both of them showed faceted apophysis for costoclavicular and coracoclavicular joint simultaneously, which is rare phenomenon.


Los movimientos de la cintura escapular humana son el resultado de la interacción compleja de las articulaciones glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, esternoclavicular y escapulotorácica. La clavícula, aparte de la articulación con la escápula y el esternón también está conectada con la primera costilla por el ligamento costoclavicular y con el proceso coracoides por el ligamento coracoclavicular. A veces la zona de unión de estos ligamentos de la clavícula, la primera costilla y la escápula muestran procesos facetarios que sugieren la presencia de nuevas articulaciones diartrodiales. La articulación costoclavicular existe entre la primera costilla y la clavícula y la articulación coracoclavicular entre la clavícula y proceso coracoides. Ambas articulaciones están descritas en la literatura, pero la aparición simultánea de ellas en el mismo hueso no se ha informado aún. Se encontraron dos clavículas, uno del lado derecho y otra del lado izquierdo, las dos presentaron procesos facetarios para las articulaciones costoclavicular y coracoclavicular simultáneamente, lo cual es un fenómeno raro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acromioclavicular Joint/abnormalities , Clavicle/abnormalities , Scapula/abnormalities , Ligaments, Articular/abnormalities , Ribs , Shoulder , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Clavicle/anatomy & histology , Scapula/anatomy & histology , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology
5.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2006; 27 (9): 1320-1325
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-80923

ABSTRACT

To analyze the anatomical basis of the scapula, acromion, os acromiale, coracoid process, coraco-acromial arch, and glenoid cavity in Turkish adults. We performed the study at the Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Turkey between January 2004 and December 2005. A total of 90 dry bones of the scapula from human cadavers were randomly selected. The length, width, and anterior thickness of the acromion and the acromial facet of the acromioclavicular joint were measured with an electronic caliber and was examined visually. For the radiological evaluation, the posterior anterior and the lateral shoulder radiographs of 90 consecutive adult patients with normal findings were used. These films were evaluated and grouped according to the acromial arch morphology. The distribution of the acromial morphologic types according to slope was type I [flat] 10%, type II [curved] 73%, type III [hooked] 17%. Type I was seen in 11%, type II 66%, type III 23% of the specimens. The morphological shape of the tip of the acromion was 31% cobra shaped, 13% square shaped, and 56% intermediate type. The scapulas, coracoid process and the coraco acromial arch were measured. In 72% of the specimen, the glenoid notch of the scapulas were absent and oval shaped, whereas in 28% the notch was well expressed and the glenoid cavity was pear shaped. The mean vertical length of the glenoid cavity was 36.3 +/- 3 mm, and the mean transverse length was 24.6 +/- 2.5 mm. Os acromiale is a rare anatomical condition. Its incidence has been documented in radiographic and anatomical studies to be between 1-15%. The presence of os acromiale was 1% in shoulder radiographs [os pre-acromiale], and in dry bones [os meta-acromiale]. We reported the exact morphological measurements of the bone structures of the scapula in Turkish adult population. Our results present an instructive figures of anatomical preparations and radiological cases that can be used to make a more precise radiological and a differential diagnoses


Subject(s)
Humans , Scapula/diagnostic imaging , Acromion/anatomy & histology , Acromion/diagnostic imaging , Clavicle/anatomy & histology , X-Rays , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Acromion/abnormalities , Cadaver , Anthropometry
6.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 4(3): 207-213, set.-dez. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-360141

ABSTRACT

Morfologicamente o acrômio pode ser classificado em três tipos: tipo I (plano), tipo II (curvo) e tipo III (ganchoso). Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo com o objetivo de analisar em escápulas de esqueletos humanos, a morfologia do acrômio e alterações degenerativas, procurando estabelecer possíveis correlações morfofuncionais. Foram analisadas 150 escápulas de indivíduos com idades entre 25 e 80 anos divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: no grupo A, composto de 100 escápulas, verificou-se a presença de alterações degenerativas; já no grupo B, constituído por 50 escápulas, foram analisados os ângulos de inclinação acromial no plano sagital. Observou-se a presença de alterações degenerativas em 39 por cento das escápulas analisadas. Quanto à localização das alterações degenerativas estas foram observadas nas seguintes regiões: 36 por cento na articulação acromioclavicular; 28 por cento, esporão acromial; em 15 por cento, esporão supra-acromial; em 13 por cento, esporão subacromial e em 8 por cento degeneração associada (incluindo: esporão acromial, subacromial e supra acromial). Em relação ao ângulo de inclinação do acrômio encontrou-se uma maior freqüência de acrômio tipo II (50 por cento), seguida do tipo I (34 por cento) e em menor proporção tipo o III (16 por cento). Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que as variações da curvatura e do ângulo de inclinação do acrômio pode ser considerado como fatores causais da maioria dos quadros de ombro doloroso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Acromion/anatomy & histology , Acromion/physiopathology , Acromioclavicular Joint/anatomy & histology , Acromioclavicular Joint/physiopathology , Shoulder
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